The Role of Gender-Based Counseling in Restoring Self-Image Among Hormonal Contraceptive Users: a Phenomenological Approach

Abstract

This study aims to explore the lived experiences of lower–middle-income women using hormonal contraceptives, particularly how physical and emotional changes influence their self-esteem, as well as the potential of gender-based counseling to reframe negative self-perceptions. A qualitative phenomenological design grounded in Husserl’s philosophy was employed, involving 26 participants whose narratives were examined using Colaizzi’s analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted to understand their perceptions of bodily changes, emotional fluctuations, and the influence of their social environments. The findings reveal that limited access to reliable contraceptive information led many women to choose methods based on affordability and personal experimentation. Most participants experienced significant physical changes, including weight gain or loss, acne, and unstable emotions, which contributed to feelings of inadequacy and diminished self-esteem, often reinforced by comparisons between their pre- and post-contraceptive bodies. Social responses played a dual role: supportive spouses and peers helped some participants develop acceptance, while others faced verbal criticism and ridicule that intensified their low self-worth. The study concludes that accessible and comprehensive contraceptive education for lower–middle-income women is urgently needed, and gender-based counseling should be integrated as an effective approach to reduce psychological distress and promote a healthier self-image among hormonal contraceptive users